Add TCWA2 Microphysics for NCAR MPAS#1478
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This PR adds the TCWA2 (Taiwan Central Weather Administration two-moment) bulk microphysics scheme with an embedded bulk dual-polarization radar operator to MPAS.
TCWA2 is developed from the NTU triple-moment microphysics framework, which has been implemented and registered as microphysics option 56 in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. TCWA2 is designed for convective-scale weather forecasting applications that incorporate radar observations and has three main features:
(1) diagnostic treatments of particle size distribution parameters within a two-moment bulk framework;
(2) representation of hydrometeor physical properties, including density, morphology, and fall speed;
(3) direct linkage between simulated hydrometeor properties and polarimetric radar variables through the embedded radar operator.
The prognostic variables in the microphysics component include the water vapor mixing ratio (qv), hydrometeor mass mixing ratios (qc, qr, qi, qs, and qg), and hydrometeor number concentrations (nc, nr, ni, ns, and ng). Two melted fractions are also diagnosed for snow aggregates (smlf) and rimed crystals (gmlf). The embedded bulk dual-polarization radar operator outputs simulated 10-cm horizontal radar reflectivity (refl10cm), differential reflectivity (zdr), and specific differential phase (kdp). For details on the TCWA2 formulation and evaluation, please refer to Tsai et al. (2026), accepted for publication in Geoscientific Model Development.