[INLONG-12148][Improve] [Agent] Replace /bin/sh -c with ProcessBuilder

[spiritxishi]

Fixes #12148

Motivation

Modifications

Verifying this change

(Please pick either of the following options)

• This change is a trivial rework/code cleanup without any test coverage.

• This change is already covered by existing tests, such as:
  (please describe tests)

• This change added tests and can be verified as follows:

  (example:)

  • Added integration tests for end-to-end deployment with large payloads (10MB)
  • Extended integration test for recovery after broker failure

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (yes / no)
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• If a feature is not documented yet in this PR, please create a follow-up issue for adding the documentation