Move flags passed in rust_flags near the end of the rustc invocation.

rust/private/rustc.bzl

@@ -1243,38 +1243,6 @@ def construct_arguments(
         uniquify = True,
     )
 
-    # `rust_flags` is either a plain `list[str | (format_string, File)]` or a
-    # `ctx.actions.args()` `Args` object.
-    #
-    # - Lists are folded into the main `rustc_flags` `Args` here, with any
-    #   `-Zallow-features=` entries extracted into
-    #   `all_allowed_unstable_features` so they can be merged with
-    #   `unstable_rust_features_config` and re-emitted as a single arg below.
-    #
-    # - `Args` inputs cannot be merged with another `Args` and are opaque at
-    #   analysis time, so we capture the caller's `Args` here and append it as a
-    #   separate entry in `args.all` (after the main `rustc_flags` `Args`,
-    #   consistent with the existing "later flags win" semantics). Any
-    #   `-Zallow-features=` baked into an `Args` value passes through to rustc
-    #   unchanged — callers that need it merged with
-    #   `unstable_rust_features_config` should keep using the list form.
-    rust_flags_args = None
-    if type(rust_flags) == "Args":
-        rust_flags_args = rust_flags
-    elif rust_flags:
-        for flag in _extract_allowed_unstable_features_from_flags(rust_flags, all_allowed_unstable_features):
-            if type(flag) in ["tuple", "list"] and len(flag) == 2:
-                rustc_flags.add_all(
-                    [flag[1]],
-                    format_each = flag[0],
-                    expand_directories = False,
-                )
-            else:
-                if map_flag:
-                    flag = map_flag(flag)
-                if flag != None:
-                    rustc_flags.add(flag)
-
     # Gather data path from crate_info since it is inherited from real crate for rust_doc and rust_test
     # Deduplicate data paths due to https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/issues/14681
     data_paths = depset(direct = getattr(attr, "data", []), transitive = [crate_info.compile_data_targets]).to_list()
@@ -1448,6 +1416,41 @@ def construct_arguments(
     if is_no_std(ctx, toolchain, crate_info.is_test):
         rustc_flags.add('--cfg=feature="no_std"')
 
+    # Add user-provided `rust_flags` last, so they can override the flags above,
+    # but before the target-provided authored_rustc_flags.
+    #
+    # `rust_flags` is either a plain `list[str | (format_string, File)]` or a
+    # `ctx.actions.args()` `Args` object.
+    #
+    # - Lists are folded into the main `rustc_flags` `Args` here, with any
+    #   `-Zallow-features=` entries extracted into
+    #   `all_allowed_unstable_features` so they can be merged with
+    #   `unstable_rust_features_config` and re-emitted as a single arg below.
+    #
+    # - `Args` inputs cannot be merged with another `Args` and are opaque at
+    #   analysis time, so we capture the caller's `Args` here and append it as a
+    #   separate entry in `args.all` (after the main `rustc_flags` `Args`,
+    #   consistent with the existing "later flags win" semantics). Any
+    #   `-Zallow-features=` baked into an `Args` value passes through to rustc
+    #   unchanged — callers that need it merged with
+    #   `unstable_rust_features_config` should keep using the list form.
+    rust_flags_args = None
+    if type(rust_flags) == "Args":
+        rust_flags_args = rust_flags
+    elif rust_flags:
+        for flag in _extract_allowed_unstable_features_from_flags(rust_flags, all_allowed_unstable_features):
+            if type(flag) in ["tuple", "list"] and len(flag) == 2:
+                rustc_flags.add_all(
+                    [flag[1]],
+                    format_each = flag[0],
+                    expand_directories = False,
+                )
+            else:
+                if map_flag:
+                    flag = map_flag(flag)
+                if flag != None:
+                    rustc_flags.add(flag)
+
     # Add target specific flags last, so they can override previous flags
     authored_rustc_flags = getattr(attr, "rustc_flags", [])
     rustc_flags.add_all(

test/unit/rustc_flag_ordering/BUILD.bazel

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+load(":rustc_flag_ordering_test.bzl", "rustc_flag_ordering_test_suite")
+
+rustc_flag_ordering_test_suite(
+    name = "rustc_flag_ordering_test_suite",
+)

test/unit/rustc_flag_ordering/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+// Dummy file for testing

test/unit/rustc_flag_ordering/rustc_flag_ordering_test.bzl

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+"""Unittest to verify rustc flag ordering"""
+
+load("@bazel_skylib//lib:unittest.bzl", "analysistest", "asserts")
+load("//rust:defs.bzl", "rust_test")
+
+def assert_argv_order(env, action, expected_flags):
+    """Checks that a set of flags appear in the given order.
+
+    Checks that the flags in `expected_flags` are in the command line
+    arguments for `action` in the given order (possibly with other arguments
+    in between).
+
+    Args:
+      env: env from analysistest.begin(ctx).
+      action: The action whose command line will be checked.
+      expected_flags: The expected set of flags, in the expected order.
+    """
+    argv = action.argv
+    last_idx = -1
+    for flag in expected_flags:
+        found_idx = -1
+        for i in range(last_idx + 1, len(argv)):
+            if argv[i] == flag:
+                found_idx = i
+                break
+
+        asserts.true(
+            env,
+            found_idx > last_idx,
+            "Expected flag '{}' to appear after previous flags in argv: {}".format(flag, argv),
+        )
+        last_idx = found_idx
+
+def _rustc_flag_ordering_test(ctx):
+    env = analysistest.begin(ctx)
+    target = analysistest.target_under_test(env)
+
+    action = target.actions[0]
+    asserts.equals(env, "Rustc", action.mnemonic)
+
+    # We expect:
+    # 1. --edition=2018 (one of the flags added by default by construct_arguments)
+    # 2. --test (added via rust_flags in rust_test, now moved right before authored flags)
+    # 3. --cfg=my_authored_flag (added via rustc_flags attribute, added last in construct_arguments)
+    assert_argv_order(
+        env,
+        action,
+        [
+            "--edition=2018",
+            "--test",
+            "--cfg=my_authored_flag",
+        ],
+    )
+
+    return analysistest.end(env)
+
+rustc_flag_ordering_test = analysistest.make(_rustc_flag_ordering_test)
+
+def _define_test_targets():
+    rust_test(
+        name = "test_target",
+        srcs = ["lib.rs"],
+        edition = "2018",
+        rustc_flags = ["--cfg=my_authored_flag"],
+    )
+
+def rustc_flag_ordering_test_suite(name):
+    _define_test_targets()
+
+    rustc_flag_ordering_test(
+        name = "rustc_flag_ordering_test",
+        target_under_test = ":test_target",
+    )
+
+    native.test_suite(
+        name = name,
+        tests = [
+            ":rustc_flag_ordering_test",
+        ],
+    )